Bioactive Enclosures

Bioactive enclosures have become increasingly popular in the world of reptile and amphibian care due to their ability to create a more natural looking habitat. These enclosures mimic the natural ecosystems of the inhabitants by incorporating live plants, microorganisms, and various decomposers to create a semi self-sustaining environment. Here are the basics of bioactive enclosures and a step-by- step guide on how to set them up. ​​

 

Basics of Bioactive Enclosures:

 

A bioactive enclosure is essentially a miniature ecosystem that works to benefit both the animal and the caretaker. The core idea is to replicate the natural environment of the inhabitant as closely as possible. This involves creating layers of substrate that support plant growth, harbor beneficial microorganisms, and facilitate waste breakdown. The key components of a bioactive enclosure include a drainage layer, a substrate layer, live plants, and a clean- up crew consisting of decomposers like springtails and isopods.​The drainage layer is crucial as it helps manage excess water, preventing the substrate from becoming waterlogged, which could lead to root rot or other issues. Above this, the substrate layer is composed of materials that support plant growth and allow burrowing if necessary. Live plants not only enhance the aesthetics of the enclosure but also aid in maintaining humidity levels and providing hiding spots for the animals. The clean-up crew play a vital role in breaking down waste products, thereby reducing the need for as frequent cleaning.  

 

Setting Up a Bioactive Enclosure:​​​ 

 

Enclosure size:

​

To make a bioactive enclosure fully sustainable (Other then offering food and water) you need to have the right size!  You CANNOT use the minimum standard size to have a sustainable bioactive enclosure. This is largely due to the bio-load of the animals in the enclosure. For instance a single green tree frog produces less bio waste (feces) then an adult carpet python. ​For example, a minimum enclosure size for a carpet python is 4ft x 2ft x 2ft. If you did that size in bioactive, you would still need to clean the poo everytime.

 

If you did the same size for a green tree frog, as long as the bioactive enclosure is fully cycled, then you wouldn’t need to clean the enclosure. For large bodied snakes like carpet pythons, olive pythons, scrub pythons, black headed pythons ect, you will need a HUGE enclosure for it to be fully sustainable. As a general rule of thumb, the size for a sustainable bioactive enclosure would need to be 3x the size of the mimimum standard. Which is massive and generally not able to be achieved in most collections.​

 

Due to this, you still need to spot clean the poo and sheds. ​​With larger animals, they also can damage the plants, so if you are making an enclosure for a large reptile, make sure the plants you choose are super hardy and can tolerate getting trampled.​Choose the Right Enclosure: ​Start by selecting an appropriately sized enclosure for your pet. Glass terrariums are commonly used for their visibility and ability to maintain humidity. Ensure it has proper ventilation. PVC enclosures also work well. For melamine enclosures, you need to make sure you seal it with silicone and pond sealer. 

 

Create the Drainage Layer:

 

Add a layer of drainage material, such as expanded clay balls or gravel, to the bottom of the enclosure. This layer should be about 1-2 inches thick (2cm- 5cm thick). Place a mesh screen (Flyscreen) over the drainage layer to prevent the substrate from mixing with it. 

 

Add the Substrate Layer:  

 

On top of the mesh screen, add a nutrient-rich substrate suitable for the plants and the animal. A mix of organic topsoil, coconut coir, and sphagnum moss often works well. The depth of this layer will depend on the needs of the plants and the animal, typically around 3-6 inches (7cm – 14cm deep). The substrate layer can go as deep as you want. I have substrate layers as deep as 30-45cm in some of my larger bioactive enclosures. 

 

Introduce Live Plants:  

 

Select hardy, non-toxic plants that are suitable for the humidity and light levels of your enclosure. Plant them into the substrate, ensuring their roots are well-covered. Mist the plants lightly to help them settle in. My Tip!Have your enclosure set up for a MINIMUM of 3 months BEFORE introducing your pet!​This will ensure the enclosure has gone through the cycling period and your parameters are good!​​

 

Add the Clean-Up Crew:  

 

Introduce a variety of decomposers like springtails and isopods. These organisms will help break down organic waste, keeping the substrate clean and aerated. Add leaf litter for them to hide.  

 

Decorate and Finalize: 

 

Add any additional decor items like rocks, branches, or hides to create a more enriching environment for your pet. Ensure these items are securely placed to prevent any accidents. You can secure them with a variety of materials such as; screws, silicone, expanding foam, clay ect.​​

 

Monitor and Maintain:  

 

After setting up, monitor the enclosure for temperature, humidity, and cleanliness. Regularly mist the plants and substrate to maintain appropriate humidity levels. Over time, the bioactive system will become more stable, requiring less intervention from you.  By following these steps, you can create a thriving bioactive enclosure that not only enhances the well-being of your pet but also promotes a more natural and engaging habitat!